Environmental studies is a multidisciplinary field that includes various branches like chemistry, physics, life sciences, agriculture, health and sanitary engineering. It is a fascinating subject, consisting of 30 questions in CTET and other state TET examinations. To prepare effectively for CTET exam, it is recommended to study NCERT books from Class 1 to 8. This article provides introductory insight on environmental studies, followed by some interesting facts related to the topic.
Shelter:
Shelter is a place where both animals and humans live, providing protection from weather and various dangers. It provides a safe place to relax and carry out everyday activities. Additionally, a shelter provides privacy and storage for personal belongings.
Types of shelter:
- Permanent Shelter: Places where humans or animals live for long periods of time and spend most of their time, such as houses, caves and bird nests.
- temporary shelter: Places where animals and humans live for short periods of time or for specific purposes, including bus shelters, houseboats, migratory bird nests, tents, caravans and shelter homes.
Animals and their shelter:
- Land and forest dwellers: Cow, dog, donkey, horse, lion, elephant, deer, rhinoceros, peacock.
- Tree dwellers: monkeys, birds, sloths, apes.
- Burrow dwellers: Rat, snake, ant, rabbit, earthworm, scorpion.
- Inhabitants of both land and water: snakes, crocodiles.
Birds and their shelter:
• Indian Robin: It makes its nest on the top of the tree from grass, soft twigs, roots, wool, hair and cotton. It lays its eggs among the stones.
• chill: It does not make its own nest. It lays eggs in the crow’s nest and the crow incubates them with its eggs.
, Crow: The crow builds its nest high up on a tree and uses wire, wood, grass and twigs.
, Sparrow and Pigeon: These birds usually make their nests in buildings. On top of the cupboard, behind the mirror, on the ventilator.
• Tailor Bird: It makes its nest by weaving and stitching leaves. It uses its sharp beak to pry off leaves on the bush. It lays eggs in the fold of the leaf it makes.
• Barbet: The barbet or coopersmith makes its nest in a pit or in the trunk of a tree.
• Pigeon: Pigeon birds make their nests between the thorns of cactus plants or in henna fences.
• Sun Bird: It builds a nest that hangs from the branches of a small tree or bush. The nest is made from hair, grass, thin twigs etc.
• Weaver bird: Male weaver birds build their nests for the females. It makes a beautifully woven nest for the female to lay her eggs.
Insects and their living habits:
Human Shelter:
Man’s shelter is called home. Houses can be of two different types:
, calling a house They are made of wood, mud, straw etc. like huts.
, pucca house Made of brick, cement, sand, iron, wood and steel. Like apartment, flat, bungalow etc.
Various factors play an important role in selecting shelter and some of these factors are as follows
• Location and geography of the area: Different styles of houses are found in desert, hilly areas, plains etc.
• Environmental conditions: Rainfall, temperature season like summer, winter etc. These factors decide the choice of house in the specific area.
• Availability of raw materials in the local area and economic status of the person: Raw materials which are easily and economically available are the preferred materials for house construction. The financial condition of a person also decides what type of house he can buy.
Typical house in specific area:
1. House made of mud:
• These houses are found in the hot deserts and villages of Rajasthan.
• These houses help to adapt to the extreme heat better, the mud walls of these houses are made thick so that the heat cannot pass through it.
• Roots are made of food and bushes, Acacia (kikar) wood is used in roofing to protect the roof from insects.
• These houses are painted with mud and cow dung to prevent the soil from cracking and to protect it from insects.
2. House made of wood and bamboo:
• These houses are built in areas where there is very heavy rainfall. These houses made of bamboo and wood are 10-12 feet above the ground, due to which they remain unaffected by floods.
• These houses are found in Assam and some other parts of the north-east.
3. House made of stone:
Stone houses are found in the cold desert of Ladakh and other hilly desert areas.
• The walls are coated with a thick layer of mud and lime. Thick trees can be used to strengthen the roof of the first floor and wooden floors, wooden ceilings are also found in the houses.
• In a two-storey building in Ladakh, essential goods and animals are kept on the ground floor and people live on the first floor. There are no windows on the ground floor.
• In extreme cold people can go to the ground floor. Vegetables and fruits are kept to dry on the roof of the house.
4. House made of stone and wood:
• These houses are found in hilly areas where there is a good amount of rainfall and snowfall.
• The roofs of these houses are sloping at the edges so that snow and rain can easily fall to the ground. These houses could be made of stone, bricks and wood.
• These houses can be found in Srinagar, Manali and other areas of Kashmir Valley. Beautiful wooden carvings are displayed on the rooftops of houses in Srinagar; The doors and windows have beautiful arches called arch.
5. House Boat:
• House boats are made of wood and exist in water. These houses can be up to 80 feet long and 8-9 feet wide.
• These house boats have beautiful wooden carvings and these carvings are called khatamband. These houseboats are found in Kashmir and Kerala.
6. Fort and Palace:
• These buildings were built by kings and emperors in earlier times.
• These buildings were very large and had a large number of rooms.
• These buildings have designs and motifs on the walls and ceilings.
• Donga: Dingas are houses in the water, a house exists on a boat, which consists of different rooms. It can be seen in Dal Lake of Kashmir.
• Igloo: Igloo is found in very cold areas. These houses are made of ice blocks. The shape of the igloo is oval and the entrance of the igloo is very small. Eskimos live in igloos.
• Tent House: A tent house provides a temporary shelter; Tent houses can be made of plastic and fabric. Mountaineers used to use such houses and they make it using two layer plastic. The Changpa tribe of Ladakh used strips woven from yak hair to make large cone-shaped tents. they call their tent Rebo.
ctet evs study notes pdf
Candidates preparing for CTET exam should check the CTET EVS Study Notes PDF link for easy access to the study material on Shelter topic under CTET EVS section.
Click here to access CTET EVS Study Notes PDF on Shelter
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