- The scope of chemistry: Understanding the nature of matter, its states and qualities.
- Historical approach: early concepts of matter and their development.
- Substance state: solid, fluid and gases. Intermolecular forces, types of gases.
- Laws of chemical combinations: laws such as laws such as laws, laws of many ratios.
- Diamond analysis: units of measurement and their conversion.
- Mol Concept: Moller Mass, Number of Evogadro, Empirical and Molecular formula.
- Limiting the reagent: concept and application in reactions.
- Gases: Adarsh Gas Law, Rules of Dalton, Kinetic Molecular Principle, Maxwell-Baltzman distribution.
- Liquids: properties, surface stress, viscosity and molecular force.
- Solids: Crystal Structures, Unit Cell, Brags Law and Band Theory.
- Divergence from ideal behavior: van der walls equation and its application.
- Classical theory of Atom: Early atomic models (Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr).
- Quantum Theory: The concept of de Brogley, the uncertainty of Hygenberg.
- Shrodinger equation: wave function, probability distribution.
- Quantum number: Principal, angular speed, magnetic and spin quantum number.
- Pauli’s exclusion theory and structure theory.
- Chemical balance: Law of mass action, balance constant, the principle of letellier.
- Inequin balance: buffer solutions, ostewanded law, acid-base equilibria.
- Methods of titration: Condometric titration, pH determination.
- Solubility Product: Application in qualitative analysis.
- Soak, absorb isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir).
- Catalis: types of catalisis, mechanism and theory.
- Colloids: preparations and properties, electrophoresis, Hardy-Sakulz law, and collaidal systems.
- Response rate: molecularity, order of reaction, and factors affecting reaction rates.
- Fast Reaction: Lumiocenene and Energy Transfer Processes.
- Response mechanisms: simple and complex reactions, rate-defense steps.
- Redox reactions: oxidation, deficiency, and their application in everyday reactions.
- Electrochemical cells: electrolytic and galvanic cells, electrode capacity and nernst equation.
- Celebrity: molar conductivity, law, resistance and resistivity of Khalrasch.
- Types of solution: saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated solution.
- Concentration: Molaraity, Molty, Generally and Monitoring Excerpt.
- Colligative properties: boiling point height, cold point depression, skytime pressure, and abnormal molecular mass.
- Inex and covalent bonds: properties and types of bonds.
- Coordination bonds: Definition and example.
- Hybridization: SP, SP ,, SP ,, SP, D, SP, D, Hybridization.
- Molecular orbital theory: LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbitals).
- Resonance: Delocalization of electrons in molecules.
- Hydrogen bonding: type and importance in molecular interaction.
- Laws of Thermodynamics: First law, second law and third law of thermodynamics.
- Talepi and entropy: heat material, spontaneity of reactions.
- Free Energy: Helmholtz and Gibbs Free Energy.
- Thermodynamics of electrochemical cells: application in galvanic and electrolytic processes.
- Recruitment Table: Development and periodic law.
- Periodic trends: ionization thalapi, electron gains bag, electrongativity, nuclear ready, ionic ready.
- S, P, D, F block elements: characteristics and trends in groups and duration.
- Incident and isotope: in hydrogen periodic table, isotopes of hydrogen.
- Preparation: Methods of production of hydrogen.
- Hydroids: types and their applications.
- Water: Hard and soft water, heavy water.
- Hydrogen in the form of fuel: hydrogen economy and its capacity in energy production.
- Extraction technique: Oxidation and decrease methods to extract al, CU, Zn, and Fe.
- S-block elements: properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals, trends and reactivity.
- Physical and chemical properties: elements of groups 13–18.
- Preparations and Uses: Boron compounds, silicates, and nitrogen-based compounds such as ammonia, nitric acid.
- Elotrops and hydrides: phosphorus, sulfur, halogen and noble gases.
- Infection metal: First-ride infection metals properties.
- Complex compounds: Applications of the theory, relationship, isomerism, and coordination compounds of Werner.
- Lanthanides and actinides: Properties and use of rare earth elements.
- Coordination Chemistry: Definition, Naming, Types of Ligand.
- Relationship and structure: Isomerism of coordination compounds, color and magnetic properties.
- Organometallic compound: definition, example and relationship.
- Classification of organic compounds: type and nomenclature.
- Admissions and Relations: SP, SP, SP, Sankination.
- Response mechanisms: type of attacker species, electron displacement in covalent bonds.
- Alkanes: properties, reactions, and conformity analysis.
- Alkenes and alkynes: composition, properties and reactions to double and triple bonds.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons: benzene structure, resonance, and electrophilic replacement reactions.
- Pollution: Air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution.
- Greenhouse effect: global warming, ozone deficiency and smog.
- Water remedies: Ways to control water pollution, chemical aspects of water purification.
- Preparations and properties: Ways to synthesize Halocaine and Helloran.
- Response system: SN1, SN2, and elimination reactions.
- Polyhlogen compound: preparation, properties and applications.
- Alcohol: type, preparation, properties and use.
- Phenols: discrimination between alcohol and phenols.
- Ether: Ways of preparation and qualities.
- Carbonill groups: composition, preparation, properties and reactions to aldehyde and ketones.
- Carboxylic acid: preparation, properties and methods of use.
- Classification of AMINES: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Amin.
- Properties: Physical and chemical characteristics.
- Response system: tests to differentiate between different types of aminas.
- Polymization: types, joints and condensation methods of polymerization.
- Bio-degradable polymer: Examples, benefits and applications.
- Carbohydrates: composition and type sugars, disaccharides, polycecarides.
- Protein: Amino acids, protein composition, enzyme functions.
- Nucleic Acid: DNA and RNA structure, replication, transcription, translation.
- Drugs and medicines: a drug, drug metabolism, classification and design.
- Food Chemistry: Food Conservator, Artificial Sweetness, Soap and detergent.
- Environmental Chemistry: Chemicals in food, food color, antioxidants.
