Teaching is a dynamic process that facilitates learning by blending both art and science. It revolves around the sharing of structured knowledge and experiences within a discipline, with the goal of promoting the psychological and intellectual development of individuals through the efforts of teachers.
Effective teaching is based on fundamental principles that serve as fundamental guidelines. These principles ensure that educational practices operate within a well-defined framework. Teaching involves constant adaptation to meet the growing needs of students. It is important to foster a supportive and inclusive learning environment to maximize the potential of every learner. Here we will discuss the principles of teaching and effective methods of teaching.
principles of teaching
As mentioned above, principles are general guidelines within which things should operate. Here are the following principles of teaching:
general principles
- Principle of Direction: The principle of goals and objectives is the most important principle of teaching because objectives give direction to our teaching. It states the objective and explains what the learner will be able to do after these learning acts.
- Principle of learning by doing: This theory states that self-education is the best way to learn. Teachers should opt for engaging and self-paced activities to improve learning outcomes.
- Principle of interest and connection with life: The effectiveness of the teaching-learning process can be increased by creating interest among the learners. This interest can be created by giving real life examples and situations to the students while learning.
- Principle of fixed goal: Teaching should begin with defining goals and objectives. Teachers and students should be clear about the goals of teaching-learning. This helps them stay on track.
- Principle of making provision for individual differences: Every student is unique in terms of intelligence, aptitude, attitude and socio-economic background. Every child is different from each other. The teacher should take care of individual differences while teaching.
- Principle of Selection: The scope of knowledge is increasing every day. The teacher must be able to choose material that is relevant, concise and up to date for the learner’s objectives.
- Principle of Planning: Every teacher has certain time bound objectives, and hence teaching must be systematic to make maximum use of resources within the time limit. Planning includes lesson plans, teaching aids, strategies and methods of teaching.
- Principle of division and revision: To make learning easier the subject matter should be divided into such units and there should be a relationship between the units. So that learners can understand easily. But retaining that knowledge requires revision.
- Principle of Creation and Entertainment: This principle is essential to make the classroom environment more conducive to humor and creativity.
- Principle of active participation and participation: Teaching and learning should be child centered so that children can actively participate in learning. It helps in developing self-confidence in learners.
psychological theory
Teachers should follow certain psychological principles. These are like this
- Principle of readiness:- This principle says that a teacher should follow his instructions on teaching according to the psychological and mental level of the people. He should keep in mind the majority level of the student to understand the concept in a better way.
- Principle of satisfaction and effect:- The teacher must be satisfied with what the students are learning. Children learn best when they have support and a sense of accomplishment at work.
- Principle of meditation:- To be successful in the teaching-learning process a teacher must use appropriate stimulus variety to attract student’s attention. It completely depends on interest. Therefore, a teacher should try to recognize the interest of students to attract attention and achieve better learning results.
- Theory of Motivation:- Motivation helps children to learn better. When a child is motivated during the learning process, half the battle is won. Therefore, a teacher should create such conditions through which a feeling of motivation and interest can be created in the students.
- Theory of Group Dynamics:- Teachers should adopt diverse methods of teaching. Understanding group dynamics can help a teacher better coordinate students’ efforts. Project method is a suitable method to develop desirable group behavior in students. This creates a democratic atmosphere in the classroom.
- Principle of Multi-Sensory Approach: Previous research has shown that using a multi-sensory approach in teaching can produce better learning outcomes. A teacher should focus on using various teaching aids like projectors, motion pictures, printed materials and audio aids as compared to simple blackboard teaching to make learning interesting.
- Principle of Tolerance, Cooperation and Appreciation:– The teacher should use the principle of praise cooperation to create a good socio-emotional environment in the classroom. There is a need to respect the feelings and thoughts of the students. A good teacher needs to be tolerant towards the reactions of the students.
Therefore, effective teaching is based on some well-defined principles. These principles act as a guiding force to make the teaching-learning process effective.
effective methods of teaching
A teacher can make the teaching process effective by following certain methods and means. These are discussed below:
- Student Centered Discussion: It is a teaching strategy where the teaching and learning process is aimed at developing a better understanding of the students. It helps in stimulating the thinking process, gathering knowledge and generating ideas.
- cooperative learning: It refers to teaching in which a small group of 5-7 students work collaboratively on a task given by teachers. The task can be anything like solving a quiz, making a model on a specific topic etc. In such activities, students come together and help each other to maximize their potential. This encourages students to build good relationships and support each other.
- Differentiated Instruction: It is one of the teaching strategies that takes into account that students in the same class may be at different starting points in their learning process. This means combining different content, products, teaching aids, methods or even a different learning environment to help learners succeed.
- Visualization: Visualization is the ability to create mental images based on words we hear or text we read. It helps students focus on the concept better by encouraging them to make connections with real life events.
- Have strong communication skills: Effective communication skills will help you build and maintain positive working relationships with your students. This can promote progress and achievement.
- flipped classroom: It is an innovative teaching technique that works unlike traditional classroom teaching. In the flipped classroom, students learn new concepts in their homes and practice them in school in the form of debates, presentations, and experiments. This will help in boosting the self-confidence and analytical skills of the students.
Principles of Teaching and Effective Methods of Teaching Download Study Notes PDF
The direct link to download Principles of Teaching and Effective Methods of Teaching Study Notes PDF is given below. To prepare for UGC NET exam, candidates can click on the link given below. Therefore, understanding the principles of teaching can make the teaching-learning process effective through diverse instructions and teaching aids. They help teachers work on a student-centred approach to teaching.
Principles of Teaching and Effective Methods of Teaching Download Study Notes PDF
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